SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Arthur Kirk : ranger to trainer RECORDED: Kelowna (B.C.), 1983-06-17 SUMMARY: Interview with retired forest ranger Arthur Kirk about his experiences at forest ranger school, and his early and later experiences with forest fire control in B.C., particularly in regard to the use of aircraft.

CALL NUMBER: T1887:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 1) PERIOD COVERED: 1893-1925 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Orchard born 1893 in Wakefield, N.B. Became a teacher in N.B. Comments on the development of forestry education. Entered forestry at UNB. In Canadian Armed Forces, 1914-19. Returned to forestry at UNB. Obtained job in BCFS in 1920. Met forester Charles S. Cowan and Chief Forester M.A. Grainger. Orchard's introduction to the Forest Branch. Early survey and cruising methods. Field work in Vernon. Working conditions in the Forest Branch. Cruise of the Kelowna watershed, 1920. Work along the Nass River, 1921. TRACK 2: More on cruising in the Nass River area, 1921022. Forest Branch work. Indians in the Nass country. Aiyansh. Comments on timber sales and forest management. Orchard put in charge of all forest surveys. Timber cruising methods. The development of forestry education. CALL NUMBER: T1887:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 2) PERIOD COVERED: 1912-1961 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: History of the B.C. Forest Branch: H.R. MacMillan, the first Chief Forester, 1912; early personnel; early forest inventories in B.C.; early organization of the Forest Service. Orchard becomes; District Forester in Cranbrook in 1924. Conditions in Cranbrook. Assistant District Forester in Nelson, 1925. Comments on Chief Forester P.Z. Caverhill. Forestry conditions in B.C., 1910-40. Early timber leases. Comments on the Fulton Commission, 1909-10. Comments on Martin A. Grainger, secretary to the commission and later Chief Forester. Letter from H.R. MacMillan about Grainger and A.W. Ross, Minister of Lands. The Nelson Forest District in the mid-1920s. TRACK 2: More on the forest district especially about forest fires. Orchard becomes District Forester in Prince George, 1927. Transportation in the Prince George district. A forester's problems: fires and accounts. Attempted political interference in the Forest Branch. Patronage in the Public Service. Conditions in Prince George. Internal Forest Branch matters. Orchard moved to Victoria office, 1930. Patronage appointments of some staff. Orchard's duties. CALL NUMBER: T1887:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 3) PERIOD COVERED: 1912-1958 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Forest Branch finances: Forest Protection Fund and annual allotments. Changes in Forest Branch function: forest protection before 1940 and forest management afterwards. Problems of the Depression. Staff shortages. Forest Branch equipment. Fire pumps. Orchard become head of Forest Service research, 1932. More on Depression problems. Chief Forester P.Z. Caverhill dies, 1935. E.C. Manning becomes Chief Forester and Orchard Deputy Chief Forester, January 1936. Comments on Caverhill and Manning. Manning a promoter of parks. Parks turned over to Forest Branch in 1939. Parks to Recreation and Conservation in 1957. More on Manning. Manning dies in an air crash and Orchard becomes Chief Forester, 1941. Problems presented by WW II. The new job. TRACK 2: Problems of WW II. Forest industry profiteering. Labour problems. The perception of management problems in the early 1940s. The idea of sustained yield develops in the 1940s. Experiments in small log production. Role of Bob Filberg in these experiments. Political pressures on the Forest Service. Socreds susceptible to industry pressure. More on sustained yield. Orchard's memorandum on sustained yield, 1942. Private debate on forest management, 1942-43. Gordon Sloan appointed Royal Commissioner to look into forest management, 1943. The Sloan Commission. CALL NUMBER: T1887:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 4) PERIOD COVERED: 1943-1958 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Sloan Commission hearings, 1943-45. Orchard becomes Deputy Minister of Forests, 1945. Orchard continues as Chief Forester. Problems of wartime. Sloan's report in 1945 supports sustained yield. Evolution of the Forest Management License concept. E.T. Kenney becomes Minister of Lands and Forests, 1944. Comments on Kenney. Amendments to the Forest Act, 1946 and 1947. Disagreements with J.V. Fisher, Deputy Minister of Finance. Opposition to FMLs. Problems with the license system. Negotiations for early FMLs. TRACK 2: Forest management experiences elsewhere. Orchard's faith in the forest management system. The second Sloan Commission, 1955-56. Forest Service takes returning WW II veterans. Comments on UBC Faculty of Forestry. Ranger school at Green Timbers. Construction of ranger school. Comments on Fred Mulholland. Progress in the forest industry. Integration in the forest industry and reasons for it. Post-war production trends. Defense of forest management policies. Forest Service roads. CALL NUMBER: T1887:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 5) PERIOD COVERED: 1912-[no date] RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Forestry work under the Silvicultural Fund. Fund ended in 1956. The second Sloan Commission into forestry, 1955-56. The Socred takeover, 1952. Orchard's opinions of the Socred government. The Sommers case from Orchard's point of view. Summary of the accomplishments of the Forest Service from 1912. (End of interview)

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Charles R. Mills : the B.C. Forest Branch, 1915-1917 PERIOD COVERED: 1910-1917 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1960-10-25 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Worked on forestry data collection in the Dominion Railway Belt in B.C., 1913-14. Graduated in forestry from University of Toronto and joined B.C. Forest Branch, 1915. The Forest Branch office in Tete Jaune Cache, 1915. The story of starvation flats. More on the Forest Branch facilities in Tete Jaune. Mills was District Forester in Kamloops, 1917. Forest rangers in the Kamloops forest district. The work of the district forester. Forest fire protection. Fire fighting pumps. Left B.C. Forest Branch in 1917. The history of Tete Jaune. TRACK 2: Forest surveys in the Dominion Railway Belt;, 1910-14. Some personnel of the Dominion Forest Service, 1910-14. Members of Mills graduating class, 1915. Dean B.E. Fernow and the staff of the University of Toronto Faculty of Forestry. Mills current (1960) manager of the Ontario Forest Industries Association. Conditions in logging camps, 1912. (End of interview)

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Frank Kappel : the forest industry in the Shuswap area, 1911-1945 PERIOD COVERED: 1908-1945 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1963-11-14 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Kappel's background in Europe prior to coming to Canada in 1911. Spent three years overseas during WW I. Began working for Rolf Bruhn in Shuswap area, ca. 1921. (Portion unintelligible) Description of Rolf Bruhn. Sawmills in the Thompson area. The Adams River Lumber Company and the Arrow Lakes Lumber Company. The origin of Kamloops Lumber Company, ca. 1920. Harry Turner. Other people in the forest industry in the Shuswap area. The R.W. Bruhn Lumber Company. The manufacture of poles and ties by the Bruhn Company. More on the mills in the Shuswap area. TRACK 2: Description of Rolf Bruhn. Kappel appointed ranger in 1913 for Shuswap area. Kappel's experiences with forest fires. Wages for loggers. Wages before 1940. (End of interview)

CALL NUMBER: T0455:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-06-16 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. George Smarge describes working in logging camps at Powell River and work as a forest ranger in 1912. Then; he discusses his sailing career, including his arrival in Vancouver in 1903. TRACK 2: Mr. Smarge continues with more on his sailing career, including details about a shipwreck on the Great Barrier Reef. Then he offers details on his arrival at Royal Roads in Victoria in 190;9; his arrival in Vancouver in 1903; his time working in hand logging near Indian River; work as a pile driving engineer; the development of Powell River and Lund; and a discussion of the Thulin brothers, Fred and Charles.

CALL NUMBER: T0455:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1965-06-16 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Smarge continues with more on the Thulin brothers, Oscar and Fred; his work as a forest ranger; the Canadian Puget Sound Logging Company; how Smarge Bay was named; pre-empting land at Cranberry Lake and at Wildwood; working in the pulp mill at Powell River; and a detailed description of the pulp mill process. [TRACK 2: blank.]

CALL NUMBER: T4135:0007 PERIOD COVERED: 1890-1920 RECORDED: Castlegar (B.C.), 1983-11-04 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Maternal grandparents' immigration to Regina from England; father involved in Riel Rebellion; anecdote about Big Bear; paternal grandparents; father's history; father had fruit farm in Saskatchewan; met Maxwell Annabelle from Moose Jaw; Annabelle knew about 800 acres available, where Kinnaird is now; the Killoughs arrived in 1913; built house; hand logged by Joe Deschamps; brother goes overseas; labour scarce; Killoughs couldn't make mortgage and lost the farm; pre-empted on upper bench in 1918; farm later subdivided for smelter workers; Killough's stump ranch; logging on upper bench; Kinnaird school opens on push of the Dumont family; Killoughs walked to the Castlegar school until 1918; logging operation about Kinnaird; poles and posts. TRACK 2: Saulstrom, Anderson, Merry logging operation; stulls and logging for Rossland Mines; farmers from Milestone, Saskatchewan buy operation; Milestone Lumber Company and Road; steam mills; Joe Deschamps; planer; Kinnaird school attendance; homemade school bus; first bus driver; anecdote about arrival in Castlegar; logs shipped by rail to Gennelle sawmill; ownership of Gennelle mill; anecdote about Gennelle sawmill; wheat grown in Gennelle; cradle scythe; Doukhobor labour; strawberry and apple planted; layout of ranch; water needed for irrigation; early Castlegar; first post office and store owned by farmer; CPR station; section houses and crews; social status of station agent; Castlegar Hotel built out of boarding houses abandoned after bridge construction. CALL NUMBER: T4135:0008 PERIOD COVERED: 1913-1940 RECORDED: Castlegar (B.C.), 1983-11-04 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Early Castlegar buildings and residents: "Alex the Indian", Collingwood Bing; McCauleys lived by the river; Castlegar school and children; Jim Laurie, station operator; Watts in West Robson; footpath added to rail bridge over the Columbia; Waldie's sawmill; families able to attend school; Pratt family played music in Farmers' Hall; other mill and section foremen families; Alex the Indian, a trapper, stayed at Killough's; found wikiup in 1924-25; Alex died shortly after; relief camp at China Creek, 1932; roadwork allowed Castlegar to grow; road before the Depression; Castlegar Community Hall; volunteer labour; "Stunt Night" at the community hall; songs, plays, boxing, dance after; relief camp workers brought to hall. TRACK 2: In 1929, built a telephone line to the top of Old Glory; worked as an assistant forest ranger part time; Westley fire; foreman on fire; hired by West Kootenay Power and Light; "deconstruction" of 1898 20-kilovolt line; construction of 60-kilovolt line; Blueberry Creek pre-emption; logging during the winter; 1961 gallbladder operation; married school teacher in 1935; forest Service didn't hire assistant rangers back in 1932; bought truck and built the wooden school but all assistant rangers and half of rangers laid off in 1932; forest development projects (relief), 1936 to 1939; assistant rangers hired to run camps; Seymour River camp 1936; Cowichan River Camp 1937; 100-man camps; setting up camps; pay scheme for workers; assistant rangers would go back to rangering every spring; provincial parks division came out of forest development projects. CALL NUMBER: T4135:0009 PERIOD COVERED: 1916-1975 RECORDED: Castlegar (B.C.), 1983-11-04 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Nurseries and reforestation started by forest development projects; Depression life on homestead; salmon stocks ended with the Grand Coulee Dam; anecdote about last salmon; whites never fished salmon; Westley; Page and Hill mill in Westley; Birchbank Lumber Company; East Indians in the Kootenays; anecdote about East Indians; Chinese labour and cooks; Chinese gardens; Waterloo; mines and boom; boat crossing; first water ferry; last ferry operator; size and operation of ferry; iron bridge; travel to Nelson; Thrums Road put in; residents in Waterloo; reflections on history; Tom Bloomer; CPR engineer; Bloomer and Hurst buy Castlegar land; Bloomers move to Nelson; Fred Horko. TRACK 2: 1926 Waldie's Robson camp; United Church minister [Rev. George R.B.] Kinney at relief camp who [shot or showed] home movies at camp; Kinney first to climb Mount Robson; anecdote about the death of a organizer in the forest development project; union activists suppressed; inspector of scalers for forestry; operators hired scalers; checkability; spent last years at work developing a scaling system; piece sampling explained; weight scaling explained; government takes over scaling; history of Forest Service; Sloan Royal Commission; university research flip-flops; suppressed forest growth; selective logging.

The item is a reel of educational film. A Forest Ranger inspects a picnic site, explains how forest fires begin, and demonstrates proper building and extinguishing of campfires.

Personal and official correspondence, newspaper cuttings, an article "A Battle in the Wilderness Along the Fire Guards" and a poem "The Hermit" by Frank Kellerman. R.B. Eden served as a forest ranger in the Southern Interior, including a posting at Kelowna Ranger District from 1941-1954.

This series contains the agenda of discussion topics at the Vancouver Forest District Ranger Meeting held February 21-25, 1949.

This series contains ranger patrol diaries. The series includes the diaries of D. Wallace, whose ranger district was probably the Nicola valley and adjacent parts of the Railway Belt.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Interview with William Byers RECORDED: Victoria (B.C.), 1961-08-11 SUMMARY: In an interview with C.D. Orchard, William Byers discusses his life in the forest industry: his background - Scotland, England, Canada; first job at a logging camp -- time keeper at a camp in northern; Ontario; life at early logging camps -- weather conditions, diet, living conditions; his duties as time keepers; anecdote about ruining his moccasins; events at beginning and end of camp; hauling logs; two spare teams; moving logs across lakes -- 'Alligator' barges. Came out to B.C. in fall of 1905: went to Nelson to pile lumber at a sawmill, but did not last long there. Next he went to town of Phoenix and drove a team for a livery barn. Working in a mine as a mucker. Mining experiences in B.C. and Montana. Mining accident, develops rheumatism. Squamish camp -- bull teams. Became shift boss at Britannia Mine, then foreman, then superintendent. Some prospecting in Barkerville. Stopped working in mines in 1912 after major strike. Joined Rocky Mountain Rangers for WW I. Went to UBC in 1919 for a course in forestry -- became a ranger (in Sechelt, Comox, Port Alice, Victoria). Moved to Vancouver in 1928 as Supervisor of Scaling until he retired in 1947. Describes scalers. Opinion on unions. Anecdotes about his job as Supervisor of Scaling. (End of interview)