CALL NUMBER: T1197:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Agnes Johnson : the story of Cedarvale (Minskinisht) before 1900 : part 1 PERIOD COVERED: 1860s-1900 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961-07-12 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Johnson (nee Tomlinson) speaks about 19th century Cedarvale (Minskinisht), the significance of its location, background information regarding Rev. Robert Tomlinson's establishment of a m;ission based on Rev. Duncan's methods (1888), the family's journey to Kitwanga, (long pause in tape) the winter of 1887-88 at Kitwanga, the Tomlinson's family settle at Minskinisht (1888), first buildings, the community's government, teaching Indians, church services, the sawmill, manufacturing bricks and the population and language of the community. TRACK 2: Agnes Johnson continues talking about; the Minskinisht community: manufacturing the bricks, an incident with a canoe transporting bricks, the rules of the community, layout of the town and residential lots, the trapping business, communal; fish canning, 5 acre lots, (pause in tape), church services, bible training and the interior of the church. Information is provided about Robert Tomlinson's family background, his early years in Ire;land and an incident with the Indians on the Nass River.

CALL NUMBER: T1197:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Agnes Johnson : the story of Cedarvale (Minskinisht) before 1900 : part 2 PERIOD COVERED: 1868-1900 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961-07-12 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Agnes Johnson continues with the discussion about the early years of Minskinisht. She recounts Robert Tomlinson's marriage in Victoria to Alice Mary, daughter of Sheriff Woods and niece of Archbishop Woods (1868) at the Iron Church and their trip to the Nass, (very long pause in the tape). She continues speaking about Robert Tomlinson's philosophy, wages, supplies at the store, finances, life in the community, Christmas celebrations, Tomlinson's family life and education, the mowing machine, the telegraph line, the mission house, plants from Ireland, the government surveys and reserve;s, Cedarvale taken up by the Tomlinson family and leased to the Indians, and riverboat signals. TRACK 2: Agnes Johnson continues with recollections about the riverboat signals, incidents, the arrival; of the first steamboat at Minskinisht, the nickname "Holy City", stories about the arrival of boats, building the new church, Edward Stewart's gift, Robert and Richard Tomlinson's work as telegraph linesmen and mail delivery. (pause in the tape). An amusing story about a problem mail delivery and her father, Richard Tomlinson's opinion of the Indian's character illustrated with two stories.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Pioneering in the Nass River region, 1907-1930 PERIOD COVERED: 1905-1930 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-02-02 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Arthur Priestley immigrated to Canada from England in 1905. He speaks about his experiences as an immigrant in Alberta and on the Nass River near Aiyansh (ca.1907), the family homestead near Aiyansh, planning and building the family house and the house fire. Mr. Priestley recalls his family's coming out to Aiyansh encouraged by Rev. J.B. McCullagh, impressions along the Nass River, Aiyansh and other Nass River settlements, the Indian way of life and the work of Rev. McCullagh, the Anglican missionary at Aiyansh. TRACK 2: Arthur Priestley recalls his homesteading efforts in Aiyansh, homesteading and settlement in the area, soil and climate, transportation, incidents along the Nass River, the telegraph line to Anyox, Indian legends about the lava flow, more about Rev. J.B. McCullagh and his time in Aiyansh, settlement 1912/13, operating the post office and store, local incidents, the Nisga'a, schooling and Timothy Derrick.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Nass River Valley, 1907-1930 PERIOD COVERED: 1905-1930 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Arthur F. Priestley was born in 1887 in England. Immigrated to Canada in 1905. Experiences as a recent immigrant to Canada, 1905-1907. Rural work in Alberta. Settled in the Nass River valley, near Aiyansh, in 1907. Description of Rev. J.B. McCullagh, Anglican missionary of Aiyansh. Homesteading experiences. Travelling by freight canoe on the Nass River. TRACK 2: More on Rev. J.B. McCullagh and his missionary work with the Nisga'a Indians. Description of house fire, 1909. Start of homesteading in 1912 and 1913. Priestley opens a store on the Nass River new Aiyansh. Problems of homesteading. Food supply. Mail. Early settlers in the Nass Valley. Most homesteaders defeated by about 1918. Marries McCullagh's daughter in 1910, and sells out in 1930.;

CALL NUMBER: T1239:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Bert McKay : the Nisga'a Indians : part 1 PERIOD COVERED: 1882-1972 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1972 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Bert McKay, a New Aiyansh elementary school principal, speaks about education and the Nisga'a people. He discusses the problems with high school education and residential schools, recent improvements and innovations, attempts to integrate the Nisga'a culture and language into the curriculum, current (1972) plans, "traders English", the present curriculum, non-Indian teachers and current p;roblems with communication and teaching English as a second language (TEAL). Bert McKay speaks about a resurgence of Indian unity and a disruption of the native way of life by the post-war logging boo;m. TRACK 2: Bert McKay continues speaking about Aiyansh and the Nisga'a society, the cultural strength of the community, the importance of the family unit and Nisga'a culture and traditions remaining intact. Rev. McCullagh and the impact of the missionaries is discussed, including the new role of priests. He talks about modern day wedding procedures and ceremonies, traditions, rituals, philosophy, ceremonials, crests -- territorial rights, Nisga'a elders teaching the young men and the issue of the Nisga'a Land Rights Question, 1882-1971.

CALL NUMBER: T1239:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Bert McKay : the Nisga'a Indians : part 1 PERIOD COVERED: 1882-1971 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1972 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Bert McKay continues discussing the history and background to the Nisga'a Land Question -- the "Nishga Land Petition", further encroachments on native rights -- fish, game and timber permits,; Indian-white relations -- settlers, logging, the "Heart of the Nass" -- a rock 30 miles south of Aiyansh which is landmark for the Nisga'a, the richness of the Nass Valley, eulachon, the background to the destruction of the "Heart of the Nass" and the importance of a mountain in Nisga'a history -- the "great flood" myth.

SUMMARY: "Between Ourselves" was a weekly series of hour-long radio programs that presented Canada to Canadians. It featured aspects of Canadian life in docudramas, plays, music, and interviews, originating from different regions of Canada. The series ran from 1966 to 1979. This episode is a documentary about teacher Vera Chastenay, who spent a year at Aiyansh with the people of the Nass around 1912, and about the way they celebrated Christmas. This is an earlier version of the People in Landscape program "School on the Nass" (T2431:0001) which aired as a regional feature as part 1 of an episode of "Between Ourselves".

The item consists of a video cassette tape (VHS) copied in 1990 from a 3/4 inch U-Matic video tape created by the National Archives of Canada in 1989.

The contents include copies of six films about various British Columbian topics created between 1910 and 1938 as follows:

Big Timber / Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau, 1935, b&w, sound.
Saga of the silver horde / Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau, 1935, b&w, sound.
The inside story / Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau, 1938, b&w, sound.
Saving the sagas / Associated Screen News Ltd., copyright Canadian Pacific Railway Company, 1927, b&w, silent.
Life of a salmon / Edison Manufacturing Company, 1910, b&w, silent with captions.
Trans-Canada air pageant and miscellaneous aeroplanes : part one / W.M. Archibald, copyright Air Canada, 1930, b&w & col., silent.

Item consists of one industrial video documenting the Forest Service's Engineering Division creation, from conception to completion, of the bridge that spans the Nass River. The bridge provided a road link between the town of Stewart to the south.

SUMMARY: Actuality recording, apparently made on a bus travelling through northwestern B.C. Places mentioned include Stewart, Bear River, the United Empire Mine, the Premier Mine, and Bitter Creek, as well as; an old rail line to the Cassiar gold fields.

CALL NUMBER: T1887:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 1) PERIOD COVERED: 1893-1925 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Orchard born 1893 in Wakefield, N.B. Became a teacher in N.B. Comments on the development of forestry education. Entered forestry at UNB. In Canadian Armed Forces, 1914-19. Returned to forestry at UNB. Obtained job in BCFS in 1920. Met forester Charles S. Cowan and Chief Forester M.A. Grainger. Orchard's introduction to the Forest Branch. Early survey and cruising methods. Field work in Vernon. Working conditions in the Forest Branch. Cruise of the Kelowna watershed, 1920. Work along the Nass River, 1921. TRACK 2: More on cruising in the Nass River area, 1921022. Forest Branch work. Indians in the Nass country. Aiyansh. Comments on timber sales and forest management. Orchard put in charge of all forest surveys. Timber cruising methods. The development of forestry education. CALL NUMBER: T1887:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 2) PERIOD COVERED: 1912-1961 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: History of the B.C. Forest Branch: H.R. MacMillan, the first Chief Forester, 1912; early personnel; early forest inventories in B.C.; early organization of the Forest Service. Orchard becomes; District Forester in Cranbrook in 1924. Conditions in Cranbrook. Assistant District Forester in Nelson, 1925. Comments on Chief Forester P.Z. Caverhill. Forestry conditions in B.C., 1910-40. Early timber leases. Comments on the Fulton Commission, 1909-10. Comments on Martin A. Grainger, secretary to the commission and later Chief Forester. Letter from H.R. MacMillan about Grainger and A.W. Ross, Minister of Lands. The Nelson Forest District in the mid-1920s. TRACK 2: More on the forest district especially about forest fires. Orchard becomes District Forester in Prince George, 1927. Transportation in the Prince George district. A forester's problems: fires and accounts. Attempted political interference in the Forest Branch. Patronage in the Public Service. Conditions in Prince George. Internal Forest Branch matters. Orchard moved to Victoria office, 1930. Patronage appointments of some staff. Orchard's duties. CALL NUMBER: T1887:0003 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 3) PERIOD COVERED: 1912-1958 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Forest Branch finances: Forest Protection Fund and annual allotments. Changes in Forest Branch function: forest protection before 1940 and forest management afterwards. Problems of the Depression. Staff shortages. Forest Branch equipment. Fire pumps. Orchard become head of Forest Service research, 1932. More on Depression problems. Chief Forester P.Z. Caverhill dies, 1935. E.C. Manning becomes Chief Forester and Orchard Deputy Chief Forester, January 1936. Comments on Caverhill and Manning. Manning a promoter of parks. Parks turned over to Forest Branch in 1939. Parks to Recreation and Conservation in 1957. More on Manning. Manning dies in an air crash and Orchard becomes Chief Forester, 1941. Problems presented by WW II. The new job. TRACK 2: Problems of WW II. Forest industry profiteering. Labour problems. The perception of management problems in the early 1940s. The idea of sustained yield develops in the 1940s. Experiments in small log production. Role of Bob Filberg in these experiments. Political pressures on the Forest Service. Socreds susceptible to industry pressure. More on sustained yield. Orchard's memorandum on sustained yield, 1942. Private debate on forest management, 1942-43. Gordon Sloan appointed Royal Commissioner to look into forest management, 1943. The Sloan Commission. CALL NUMBER: T1887:0004 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 4) PERIOD COVERED: 1943-1958 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Sloan Commission hearings, 1943-45. Orchard becomes Deputy Minister of Forests, 1945. Orchard continues as Chief Forester. Problems of wartime. Sloan's report in 1945 supports sustained yield. Evolution of the Forest Management License concept. E.T. Kenney becomes Minister of Lands and Forests, 1944. Comments on Kenney. Amendments to the Forest Act, 1946 and 1947. Disagreements with J.V. Fisher, Deputy Minister of Finance. Opposition to FMLs. Problems with the license system. Negotiations for early FMLs. TRACK 2: Forest management experiences elsewhere. Orchard's faith in the forest management system. The second Sloan Commission, 1955-56. Forest Service takes returning WW II veterans. Comments on UBC Faculty of Forestry. Ranger school at Green Timbers. Construction of ranger school. Comments on Fred Mulholland. Progress in the forest industry. Integration in the forest industry and reasons for it. Post-war production trends. Defense of forest management policies. Forest Service roads. CALL NUMBER: T1887:0005 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): C.D. Orchard : forestry in British Columbia, 1920-1958 (part 5) PERIOD COVERED: 1912-[no date] RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Forestry work under the Silvicultural Fund. Fund ended in 1956. The second Sloan Commission into forestry, 1955-56. The Socred takeover, 1952. Orchard's opinions of the Socred government. The Sommers case from Orchard's point of view. Summary of the accomplishments of the Forest Service from 1912. (End of interview)

CALL NUMBER: T4303:0331 - 0333 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1974-09-04 SUMMARY: "CBC Monday Evening" was a multi-part series that included documentaries and interviews on the arts, along with drama and serious music. This recording is an interview by Peter Haworth with the native; elder Dick Woods, and includes his recollections of songs and family relationships. It also features his recollections of Frank Bolton, a native Indian elder from Kincolith in the Nass Region. Some of Frank Bolton's songs recorded by Marius Barbeau are recalled. This recording may be related to other tapes (e.g., T4303:0728), in which Peter Haworth interviews native elders who recall Marius Barbeau's visit to the Nass Region.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Ernest and Doris Hoops : the Bulkley Valley before World War I PERIOD COVERED: 1899-1914 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1963-02-18 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Doris May Hoops talks about coming to Telkwa from Portland, Oregon in 1912 to do nursing work. She recalls her journey, the stagecoach ride, impressions of Telkwa, the residents, Dr. H.C. Wrinch of Hazelton and nursing at Greenville on the Nass River. Doris Hoops speaks about Telkwa, her early married life, social life, Aldermere and recollections of local residents. Ernest Mostyn Hoops came from Australia to Canada (1899) and was in the Boer War (1901-02). He speaks about his reasons for coming to Canada, his move to Soda Creek in 1904, went to the Hazelton area (1907) to prospect an;d later had a real estate business in Aldermere (1913-1947). He recalls local residents: Jack McNeil, Rev. Stevenson and Charlie Barrett.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Eric Garman : A life in forestry PERIOD COVERED: 1910-1977 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1977-03-13 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Family background and early life in England. Family immigrates to Canada, 1911; voyage by boat and train to Vancouver. Job as office boy for importer (Martin & Robertson Ltd.), W.H. Malkin grocery firm, and A. Macdonald & Co., another grocery firm. Service in World War I. Additional education after the war -- UBC. Decision to become a forester. Work for Bloedel, Stewart and Welch. Forestry training in Oregon. Scholarship to Yale University. TRACK 2: Graduation from Yale, 1928, with M.A. in forestry. Marriage, 1935, and children. Forestry jobs: C.D. Orchard; Nass River, 1922; Douglas fir survey; Cowichan Lake forest experimental station; spruce question; jobs after retirement. Awards. Thetis Park Nature Sanctuary. Choirs.

The item is a reel of documentary film containing a record of the first all-airborne topographic mapping survey ever completed, which was carried out in the Bowser Lake region of northwestern BC. Footage includes: preparations for the expedition; aerial photography; survey instruments used; value of helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft; base camp; use of collapsible boat; shots of and from helicopter flying to survey camps high in the mountains; special techniques used in landing helicopter and taking off; creation of photographic mosaic. The helicopter shown throughout is an open-cockpit Bell 47B-3 (registration CF-FZX) flown by Okanagan Air Services Ltd.

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1966-01-31 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mrs. Bennett talks about her family (the Stones) coming to the Nass River in 1891; her father was a Methodist teacher; in 1893 they went to Victoria and then Clo-oose. She describes their life at Clo-oose; Indians; "Aunt Jennie"; the Logan family; and transportation. The family later moved to Tofino; she recalls the Indian potlatches; wolf dances; the Thunderbird legend; long houses; her ;parent's work with the Indians; Chief Joe and Queen Mary; the Catholic school and mission in the area; Mission Island; Stubbs Island; remittance men; whaling. [TRACK 2: blank.]

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Hilda Jane Cameron remembers pioneer life in the Nass River Valley, 1920-1952 PERIOD COVERED: 1900-1952 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1961 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Hilda Cameron, wife of Peter Cameron, originally came from England to Edmonton to play the piano for the Dreamland Theatre, she later moved to Usk in 1920 with her husband to take a pre-emption. She describes early days on the pre-emption, building the cabin, settling in, building up the homestead, farming, the flood of 1936, (pause on the tape) the local school, the winter of 1936, the beginnings of her poultry farm and recollections of Al Ferris. TRACK 2: Hilda Cameron continues with recollections about Al Ferris and John Thomas McAbb, her return to nursing, the death of her husband, her remarriage, her life as a nurse for the Department of Indian Affairs (1947-1952), an anecdote about the local church and her daughter at Endako.

CALL NUMBER: T0447:0001 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Nelson talks about his father [Nels Christian Nelson] coming from Norway to homestead and fish at Whonnock in 1885. He discusses his life working in the fishing industry; types of boats; building boats; canneries; early Whonnock; types of salmon; logging; steamships; Glen Valley; Bill Miner; other incidents; Probert family; fishing; the market for fish; scow houses; the fisherman's ;life; Collingwood and Steveston. TRACK 2: Mr. Nelson talks about the commercial fishing industry; sturgeon fishing; early canneries along the Fraser River; Chinese cannery workers; Steveston; the Nelson Brothers Cannery; the fish inspector; procedures involved in setting nets.;

CALL NUMBER: T0447:0002 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1964 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Mr. Nelson talks about the Japanese working in the fishing industry; the Norwegians; other ethnic groups along the Fraser River; Nass River fishing; the Reverend Collison; Indians working in ;the fishing industry; types of salmon and nets; fishing equipment; changes in fishing methods; differences between gillnetting and seining; fishing locations; weather. [TRACK 2: blank.]

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): James Flynn recounts his life in Northern B.C. from 1910 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: James Flynn talks about his experiences in northern B.C. from 1910. He was born in Newfoundland in 1888. He offers his reasons for leaving Newfoundland in 1903, coming out west in 1907; arri;vied in Prince Rupert in 1910, working for the Grand Trunk Railroad and Prince Rupert Waterworks. He describes Price Rupert as it was in 1910, going to Stewart in 1911, working on the telegraph to the; Nass country in 1910-1911, prospecting, starting a farm on Porcher Island, fishing on the Skeena in 1914, logging near Port Clements on the Queen Charlotte Islands in 1914, working on a pile driver and an accident is described in detail, an incident while working on a logging camp, harvest in Alberta, trapping on Nass River. One incident of burning down a telegraph cabin by accident is recalled. TRACK 2: Flynn continues with the incident: rebuilding the cabin, getting injured on the trap line, farming in the Nass, settlement on Porcher Island, settlers at Alice Arm, Captain John Irving's place there, the "Esperanza", life as a prospector near Alice Arm from the mid 1940s to the date of the interview and miscellaneous rambling comments about Alice Arm.

Series consists of a journal (April 17-July 9, 1879) kept by Alice Tomlinson, wife of Anglican missionary Reverend Robert Tomlinson. It provides a record of the trip by Rev. Tomlinson, his family and a small party made from Kincolith to the Kispiox valley (via the Nass River) to establish a new mission (May 17-July 1, 1879). Entries by Alice Tomlinson, her brother Edward Woods and other unidentified writers.

CALL NUMBER: T1244:0001 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Kathleen Hughan remembers early Aiyansh on the Nass River PERIOD COVERED: 1880s-1917 RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Kathleen "Kay" Hughan (nee Priestley) was born at Port Simpson around 1900. Her father, Arthur F. Priestley was a homesteader, teacher and storeowner at Aiyansh; her mother, Melita M. McCullagh, was born at Aiyansh in 1885. Kay Hughan speaks about homesteading, the promise of a boom (1900's), and river travel along the Nass. Her maternal grandmother, Mary Webster, and grandfather, Rev. James B. McCullagh, came out to Old Aiyansh (1880's). She recalls Rev. McCullagh, his garden, his interests, mission work, the flood of 1917 and the move of the village of Aiyansh to Gitlakdamiks, and t;he mission house fire of 1910. She recalls her paternal grandparents -- Joshua Priestley, the family pre-emption, the house fire and the Priestley family move to Victoria. She talks about freight for ;her father's store, travel on the Nass, Mill Bay, Kincolith, hospitals, Dr. MacDonald, the Collison family, childhood memories of old Aiyansh, mail and visitors.TRACK 2: Kay Hughan recalls details of her father's store: the postal service, the social centre of Aiyansh, supplies for the settlers, stock, outfitting survey parties, the "Grease Trail", trails, wholesalers, floods, Indian-white rela;tions and the store credit system. She speaks about the land boom of 1910-1912, homesteaders, the impact of World War I, bogus land promotions -- Rattenbury Land Company (1909-1910), settlers, the flo;od of 1917, Grease Harbour, settlement patterns, the first school, Tseax, more about settlement patterns, Al Ferris, employment, taxation and roads.

CALL NUMBER: T1244:0002 SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Kathleen and Peter Hughan remember the Nass Valley - Aiyansh and Tseax regions PERIOD COVERED: 1917-1958 RECORDED: [location unknown], [196-] SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Kathleen Hughan remembers floods along the Nass River, the flood of 1917, moving the Old Aiyansh mission to Gitlakdamiks, mosquitoes, housing, settlement patterns and subsistence farming in the 1930's. Peter Hughan came from Scotland via England (1923) to the Prince George region. He discusses his reasons for emigration, experiences trapping, work at Prince Rupert (1924) and Terrace, his woodsman skills, locating land in the Nass Valley, his Tseax River property, the Vedder property, place names, settling and clearing land, purchasing the Charlie Gordon farm, river and trail travel and the telegraph trail to Stewart. TRACK 2: Peter Hughan speaks about pioneer life, his market garden, trapping, building a new house (1928), clearing, "wild rice" -- chocolate lily, changes in settle;ment, the Columbia Cellulose road opening up the area (1950's), development, logging, proposed hydro dams and the difficulty of land acquisition. He recalls pioneers including Al Ferris and the Joe Phillips family and soil and climate conditions.

SUMMARY: Mrs. Hugham talks about her Tea Barn (1961-71); Mr. Hugham talks about Charlie Vetter.

SUPPLIED TITLE OF TAPE(S): Lois Barber : back to the land in the Nass Valley, 1971-1972 PERIOD COVERED: 1971-1972 RECORDED: [location unknown], 1972 SUMMARY: TRACK 1: Lois Barber begins this interview speaking about coming to the Nass Valley near the Tseax River from the Eastern United States with friends and her future husband, Robin (1971). She describes; her first impressions of the area, experiences during the first few days, settling in, putting in the garden, renovating their cabin, clearing land, income, future plans and house improvements. TRAC;K 2: Lois Barber continues talking about living near the Tseax River overlooking Mount Vedder in a cabin originally built by Vedder. She describes the life of a modern pioneer woman, cooking, acquirin;g land, logging, other neighbours and food sources. [Note: The Tseax River was renamed "Ksi Sii Aks" per the Nisga'a Treaty, Appendix F-3, effective 11-May-2000.]

RECORDED: [location unknown], 1976-02-26 SUMMARY: [No content summary available for this interview.];